Which methods are utilized to either deny or permit network traffic?

The correct answer focuses on the methods used to control network traffic based on the characteristics of the data packets involved in communication. Packet Filtering and Stateful Inspection are essential techniques used within firewalls to make decisions about whether to allow or block traffic.

Packet Filtering examines each packet entering or leaving the network against a set of predefined rules. It looks at factors such as source and destination IP addresses, port numbers, and the protocol used. If a packet meets the criteria set by the rules, it is permitted; otherwise, it is denied.

Stateful Inspection, on the other hand, maintains information about active connections and makes traffic decisions based not just on a single packet's header information but also on the context of the traffic flow. This means it keeps track of the state of connections and applies more complex logic to determine which packets belong to existing connections and which do not, allowing for a more nuanced approach to security.

Together, these methods provide a robust framework for managing network traffic efficiently, ensuring that only authorized traffic is allowed, while potentially harmful traffic is systematically denied.

In contrast, the other methods listed do not primarily focus on denying or permitting network traffic. Static and Dynamic Routing deal with how data packets find their way through the network rather than controlling access. VPNs