What is a primary role of the VPN in network security?

The primary role of a VPN, or Virtual Private Network, in network security is to encrypt and secure data transmission over a public network. When data is sent over the internet, it can be exposed to various threats such as interception by unauthorized parties. A VPN creates a secure tunnel through which data packets can travel, encrypting the information so that even if it is intercepted, it cannot be read without the proper decryption keys.

This encryption ensures that sensitive information—such as login credentials, personal data, or confidential business communications—remains protected from external threats. Additionally, a VPN helps to maintain user privacy by masking the user's IP address, allowing for more secure web browsing.

The other options do not capture the essential function of a VPN effectively. Although a VPN can indirectly influence network performance, its primary purpose is not to enhance speed. Instead, VPNs can sometimes introduce latency due to the encryption and routing processes involved. Providing a public network address is more related to network configuration rather than a function of a VPN. Finally, while VPNs can segregate network traffic to some extent, their fundamental role is centered around ensuring secure data transmission.